Technicians and Trades Workers
Pastrycook
In shortage in ACT; in shortage in regional areas across the country, in regional NSW, in regional VIC, in regional QLD, in regional SA, in regional WA, in regional TAS and in regional NT.
Our read
Opportunity
StrongIn shortage nationally this year, and it's been short for most of the last five — steady demand, not a blip.
Getting in
Steady buildThe standard route is a diploma or a Certificate III/IV — often an apprenticeship, where you're paid to learn on the job over a few years.
Opportunity and Getting-in are our analysis of the official data — not a Jobs and Skills Australia rating. How we work these out.
Getting in
Training level 3. Certificate IV, or Certificate III plus at least two years on-the-job training.
Why it's in shortage — and how hard it is to break in
People get in, then leave
Training isn't the barrier — keeping people is. Pay, conditions or the nature of the work push people out, and that's what keeps the shortage open. Usually easier to get into; worth asking people doing the job why others leave before counting on staying.
The driver ("Retention gap") is Jobs and Skills Australia's analysis of this occupation's unit group (3511); the plain-English explanation is ours.
Will AI replace it?
Hands-on, in-person work that's hard to automate. This is exactly the kind of non-routine, physical, face-to-face work that AI and automation struggle with most — a safer bet for a long career.
Our editorial read, based on the kind of work (its occupation group) — not a Jobs and Skills Australia rating, and not a prediction.
Five-year national trend
Strong, steady demand. Employers have struggled to fill these roles every year for the last five — a persistent shortage, and a dependable outlook for finding work.
● in shortage · ○ no shortage
Where it's in shortage (2025)
Open a state or territory for the local picture — its five-year trend, the regional vs metro read, and how it compares with the national rating.
Regional shortage means employers outside the capital city are the ones struggling to hire; metro shortage is the reverse. If you're in a regional area, a regional shortage is demand right where you live.
Labour-market signals
For this occupation's unit group (3511).
Roles stay open — that's in your favour. Employers fill fewer of these roles than the typical occupation, so positions keep coming up and your chances of landing one are strong.
Well below average. Earns less per hour than the typical Australian occupation.Our read: this is JSA's standardised, relative earnings measure for the occupation's broader group, not a take-home figure — treat it as a signal, not the full picture.
Shown relative to all occupations — exact dollar figures are coming in a future update.
Skilled migration list
This occupation appears on the Core Skills Occupation List (CSOL) as at 7 November 2025.
The legal instrument also lists circumstances in which this occupation does not apply — see the official list for the detail.
Being on the list says nothing about anyone's visa eligibility — it is one condition among many. This is general information, not migration advice. For advice about your circumstances, see the Department of Home Affairs skilled occupation lists or a registered migration agent (OMARA register).
Related occupations
Know the moment new numbers land
You're already seeing the newest numbers: the 2025 Occupation Shortage List is the government's current release — checked against the source in July 2026 — and apprentice pay rates include the 1 July 2026 increase. When the next list lands, we'll send one note: what moved, what it means. No newsletter, no selling your address.
ANZSCO 351112 · Source: Jobs and Skills Australia Occupation Shortage List 2025.